Sidste Nyt fra Albanien, Kosóva og Makedonien

Indholdsfortegnelse Contents

Ugeoversigt Summary

Internationale organisationer   International organizations
FN   UN
Verdensbanken, IMF m.fl.   World Bank, IMF etc.
OSCE, Europarådet   OSCE, Council of Europe (CoE)
EU   European Union (EU)
NATO   NATO
ICTY - Tribunalet i Haag   ICTY

Balkan, generelt   The Balkans
Kosóva   Kosóva [Kosovo]
Øst Kosóva / Presevo-dalen / Syd-Serbien   Eastern Kosóva
Albanien   Albania
Serbien og Montenegro. Serbien (alene)   Serbia-Montenegro. Serbia
Montenegro (alene)   Montenegro
Makedonien   Macedonia [FYRoM]

Grækenland   Greece
Tyrkiet   Turkey
Italien   Italia

USA   United States (US)
England   England
Tyskland   Germany
Frankrig   France
Danmark (Norge, Sverige)   Denmark (Norway, Sweden)

Rusland Russia
Kina China

Fodbold (FIFA's rangorden) Football (FIFA)

»Albansk Almanak 2003« bd. 1-3

Almanak'en for 2003 er udkommet. Her finder du årets nyhedsbreve. Årets litteraturkommentarer vil udkomme hen over sommeren 2005 i »Albanske Studier« ## 3-4.

Bogen findes i trykt form og på CD (som pdf-fil). Papirudgave på 800 sider i 3 bind. Bogen sælges som papirudgave m/ CD og som CD alene. Se pris på: Bestillingsliste.

Udgaven for 2004 ventes at udkomme medio 2005.

»Albanske Studier« bd. 1-2

Kommentarer til Bjøl, Huntington, Machiavelli, Sørlander, DUPI (Humanitær Intervention), Clausewitz, Mao Zedong, Lars R. Møller, Malcolm og flere andre (kommentarerne er suppleret ift udgaver i Almanak'erne m.v.). Englændere på rejse i Albanien: Edward Lear, Edith Durham og Robert Carver. Bøger om slægtsfejder og blodhævn. Diskussion af Anne Knudsen's disputats om blodhævn på Korsika og af Ismail Kadare's roman »Ufuldendt april«. Baggrundsmateriale om den Sønderjyske general Christian von Holstein, der deltog i Habsburgernes felttog ind i Kosóva i 1689-90. Sidst i bogen et forsøg på en sammenfatning i form af nogle 'grundlæggende synspunkter'. Desuden en kommentar til Hans Hækkerup's »På skansen«. På CD'en supplerende materiale om traditionelle Albanske klædedragter og om Holstein.

Du kan downloade indholdsfortegnelsen og kommentaren til Hækkerup fra: http://bjoerna.dk/albansk-historie/studier-2002.htm

Bogen findes i trykt form og på CD (som pdf-fil). Papirudgave 368 A4-sider i 2 bind. Bogen sælges som papirudgave m/ CD og som CD alene. Se pris på: Bestillingsliste.

Til dig der kigger på et ældre nummer af »Sidste Nyt«.

Seneste udgave af denne »annonce« kan ses på:

»Sidste Nyt« (klik)

Seneste 4 udgaver af »Sidste Nyt fra Albanien, Kosóva og Makedonien«:

Sidste Nyt #259 - frem til 20.05.2005 (klik tv.)
Sidste Nyt #258 - frem til 13.05.2005 (klik tv.)
Sidste Nyt #257 - frem til 06.05.2005 (klik tv.)
Sidste Nyt #256 - frem til 29.04.2005 (klik tv.)

Urolighederne i Kosovo / Kosóva marts 2004: Sidste Nyt #206 (klik tv.)

Sagen mod Slobodan Milosevic: (1) Retsmødet 5.7.2004. Udsættelser osv. Links & materiale: Om udskrift af anklageskrifter og retsbøger | (2) Milosevic' indledende forsvarstale; tildeling af Forsvarsadvokater | (3) Afhøring af de første af Forsvarets Vidner. Sagen udsættes til 12.10.2004. Skriftlig begrundelse for at tildele Milosevic Forsvarsadvokater | (4) Forsvarernes appel (29.9.2004; som pdf); (5) Appelafgørelsen der - i høj grad - gav Milosevic medhold (1.11.2004; som pdf); (6) Afhøring af Professor Mihajlo Markovic (Nov. 2004)

Sagen mod Fatmir Limaj m.fl.: Se under: ICTY.

Alle årets udgaver: http://bjoerna.dk/nyt-oversigt.htm

UGEOVERSIGT (resumé)

ICTY / Kosóva. Sagen mod Ramush Haradinaj. Haradinaj har anmodet om at blive sat på fri fod indtil hans sag skal behandles. Anklagemyndigheden tager afstand fra anmodningen, selv om Haradinaj meldte sig frivilligt så snart han blev sigtet, og selv om UNMIK skal have garanteret at man vil anholde og udlevere Haradinaj hvis han ikke efterkommer en indkaldelse til retsmøder. En væsentlig grund til at man modsætter sig en løsladelse er at man mener dette vil forøge et utilbørligt pres på mange af dem der skal vidne i sagen.

FN / Sikkerhedsrådet: UM Per Stig Møller har Torsdag indtaget pladsen som Formand for FN's Sikkerhedsråd. Man er begyndt en drøftelse af en justering af FN's organisation. Fredag skal man drøfte forholdene i Kosóva (herom i næste nr.). UM Per Stig Møller forklarer at han selv er kommet til stede for at vise at Danmark lægger stor vægt på de emner der skal drøftes; »normalt« er det det pgl. lands FN Ambassadør der indtager Formandspladsen. Det ventes at SRSG Søren Jessen-Petersen vil udtale sig relativt positivt om den seneste tids udvikling i Kosóva, hvorimod man fra Serbisk side vil være relativt kritiske. [Se: http://bjoerna.net/balkan-dokumenter/KOS-SRSG-UNSC-050527.pdf - omtales nærmere i # 261]

Kosóva: Kommentar: Det ser ud til at der er sket visse fremskridt i retning af at opfylde de internationale kriterier ('standarderne'), men det er dog kun godt et år siden at situationen var ude at kontrol; der er ikke mange Kosovo Serbere der har turdet eller kunnet vende tilbage, og samfundsøkonomien er stærkt forvredet. Jo hurtigere der kan ske en »normalisering« efter mange års elendighed, desto bedre.

Mindesmærke for Adem Jashari m.fl. Serbiske »Beta« skriver: The Kosovo government has given 50,000 euros for the building of the Adem Jasari Memorial Complex in Prekaza, where fallen members of the Kosovo Liberation Army will be buried.

Kosovo after Haradinaj. ICG har udsendt rapport om udviklingen i Kosóva. Resuméet begynder således: Kosovo Albanian society showed welcome maturity in recent months as it reacted calmly to the indictment for war crimes of Prime Minister Haradinaj and the anniversary of the March 2004 riots. However, Kosovo Albanian politics remain fractious and worse. Mutual distrust between the two leading parties, President Rugova's Democratic League of Kosovo (LDK) and Hashim Thaci's Democratic Party of Kosovo (PDK), is distracting politicians from seeking a consensus position for the approaching negotiations on final status. Recent weeks have seen an escalation in tension between them so bitter that it risks spiralling into killings. It is vital that the international community, as it assesses Kosovo's readiness for final status talks, use the next important months to do a great deal more to help build institutions for genuine self-government. Otherwise, Kosovo is likely to return to instability sooner rather than later and again put at risk all that has been invested i n building a European future for the Western Balkans.

Besøg i Danmark fra fagbevægelsen i Kosovo. Et par Danske konsulentvirksomheder - Dialogue Development og Copenhagen Development Consulting - arbejder for tiden på et EU-støttet projekt der har til formål at styrke 3-partssamarbejdet. Også 3F (det tidligere SiD) er involveret. Gunnar Olesen, der er én af ankendermændene på projektet har udarbejdet en oversigt.

Albanien: I sidste nr. fortaltes at Præsident Moisiu havde benyttet lejligheden til et særligt møde med den Finske Præsident. Forklaringen er givetvis bl.a. at Finland snart skal overtage Formandskabet i EU. For nogle dage siden modtog Præsident Moisiu den nye Finske Ambassadør.

PM Fatos Nano kommer godt omkring i denne tid, dels som PM, dels som Partiformand der søger at skaffe stemmer til endnu en periode med en Socialistisk ledet Regering. Han har på det seneste været i Rrogozhina-området, i Shkodra-området og i Skrapar-området; han har besøgt "Dora D’Istria"-skolen i Tirana og en Veteran-konference.

IMF tager (ifølge presseforlydender) afstand fra et stort jernbaneprojekt. Projektet er ikke tilstrækkelig begrundet, benefits er ikke tilstrækkelig store ift costs og der vil blive bundet så mange penge at det vil gå ud over andre udviklingsprojekter, mener IMF. Projektet vedrører rekonstrueringen af strækningen Tirana-Durrës der er næsten 40 km og en sidestrækning til lufthavnen i Rinas på 6 km. For at gennemføre projektet skulle der tilføres knap 95 mio $, som ville blive skaffet ved optagelse i den Hollandske ABN Amro Holding NV-bank. Projektet skulle forestås af det Amerikanske General Electric. Det sidste ord er næppe sagt. Den Albanske Regering vil blive stærkt irriteret, men må nødvendigvis stå sig godt med IMF; Amerikanerne vil fmtl også blive irriteret - særlig naturligvis på firmaniveau, men det er muligt at den Amerikanske Administration føler at kritikken også rammer dén. Det sidste ord er næppe sagt.

Præsident Moisiu har - efter indstilling fra Regeringen - afskediget Ambassadøren i USA, Fatos Tarifa. Tarifa beskyldes for at være involveret i en bestikkelsessag. Pga omtale i magazinet »Klan« fornylig blev Ambassadøren kaldt hjem til konsultationer.

Miljøet: Olielækage: Ca 3 tons olie er løbet ud ved ARMO-depotet i Lac, ikke så langt fra vejen Lac-Mamurras. Myndighederne oplyser at man har situationen under kontrol. Årsagen til lækagen er ikke kendt.

Balkan mediekonference i Tirana. ADN skriver: A public debate with journalists from Albania and the Balkans as well as Albanian NGOs and think-tanks over the regional cooperation of the Western Balkans, organized by the Delegation of European Commission, was held on Wednesday in the premises of Sheraton Hotel. This press event, opened by the Head of the Delegation of European Commission, Ambassador Lutz Salzmann, aimed to strengthen the information capacity of all parties involved by discussing the objectives, achievements and challenges of regional co-operation in the Western Balkans and the way this issue should be communicated to the Western Balkan publics.

Italien: OECD har analyseret den Italienske økonomi: A modest recovery is under way. Italien er uden sammenligning Albaniens største handelspartner.

USA: Kosovo. Det Amerikanske standpunkt. Det Amerikanske UM har udsendt en vigtig tale af R. Nicholas Burns der opsummerer hvordan man ser på udviklingen på Balkan, herunder bl.a. i Kosovo.

FN / Danmark: FN's Generalsekretær Kofi Annan har besluttet at indstille til Generalforsamlingen at Antonio Manuel de Oliviera Guterres fra Portugal bliver ny flygtningehøjkommissær. SRSG Søren Jessen-Petersen (tidligere Vicehøjkommissær) blev dermed forbigået. Indtil Februar var den Hollandske Ruud Lubbers Højkommissær, men han blev tvunget væk pga anklager om sexchikane. Jessen-Petersen var en stærk Kandidat og med i opløbet.

INTERNATIONALE ORGANISATIONER m.v.

Opmærksomheden henledes på Economic Reconstruction and Development in South East Europe. Adressen er www.seerecon.org. Her kan man finde materiale om aktuelle møder og konferencer.

VERDENSBANKEN, IMF M.FL.

Se under de enkelte lande / områder.

OSCE, Europarådet

Se under de enkelte lande / områder.

NATO

ICTY - TRIBUNALET I HAAG

Sagen mod Slobodan Milosevic: (1) Retsmødet 5.7.2004. Udsættelser osv. Links & materiale: Om udskrift af anklageskrifter og retsbøger | (2) Milosevic' indledende forsvarstale; tildeling af Forsvarsadvokater | (3) Afhøring af de første af Forsvarets Vidner. Sagen udsættes til 12.10.2004. Skriftlig begrundelse for at tildele Milosevic Forsvarsadvokater | (4) Forsvarernes appel (29.9.2004; som pdf); (5) Appelafgørelsen der - i høj grad - gav Milosevic medhold (1.11.2004; som pdf); (6) Afhøring af Professor Mihajlo Markovic (Nov. 2004)

Sagen mod Ramush Haradinaj. Haradinaj har anmodet om at blive sat på fri fod indtil hans sag skal behandles. Anklagemyndigheden tager afstand fra anmodningen, selv om Haradinaj meldte sig frivilligt så snart han blev sigtet, og selv om UNMIK skal have garanteret at man vil anholde og udlevere Haradinaj hvis han ikke efterkommer en indkaldelse til retsmøder. En væsentlig grund til at man modsætter sig en løsladelse er at man mener dette vil forøge et utilbørligt pres på mange af dem der skal vidne i sagen.

Sagen mod Fatmir Limaj m.fl.: On 13 April 2005, the Prosecution concluded its case. The trial is to resume on 17 May 2005.

BALKAN LANDE, LANDE VED ØSTLIGE MIDDELHAV

BALKAN GENERELT

Udsnit af EU's Europakort 2004. [Udsnittet kan forstørres ved at klikke på det]. Kortet indgår i en præsentationsborchure, der kan downloades som pdf fra: http://europa.eu.int/comm/publications/booklets/eu_glance/20/da.pdf.

KOSÓVA

Bynavne: Angives der to navne på samme lokalitet, er den Albanske nævnt først. Se oversigten på: http://bjoerna.dk/kosova/byer.htm ... Bynavne: Angives der to navne på samme lokalitet, er den Albanske nævnt først. Se oversigten på: http://bjoerna.dk/kosova/byer.htm ... Rapporter fra FNs Generalsekretær ... 040616 SG Kofi Annan udtaler at han agter at udpege Søren Jessen-Petersen som 5' SRSG. Søren Jessen-Petersen blev senere udpeget og tiltrådte i Kosóva 040816. ... 0308 Harri Holkeri tiltrådte som 4' SRSG. Fratrådt 0406 af helbredsmæssige grunde. ... 020214 Michael Steiner tiltrådte i Kosova som 3' SRSG og fratrådte i begyndelsen af 0307. ... En biografi over 2' SRSG Hans Hækkerup kan læses på Danske Politikere. En anmeldelse af hans bog »Kosovos mange ansigter« kan downloades fra: http://neva.hjem.wanadoo.dk/Haekkerup2.pdf (0,4 MB) ... Constitutional Framework for Provisional Self-Government. ... Kosova's Regering. ... Webside vedr. 2004-valgene ... UNMIK Politiets oversigt over 2001 (artikler, billeder og statistik i pdf-format (fil'en er forholdsvis stor: 2,6 MB)) ... Kriminaliteten i 2002 - Oversigt kan downloades [klik på titlen]

Parlamentsvalget 2004 [Præsidenten - Ibrahim Rugóva - er valgt af Parlamentet, the Assembly], se: http://kosovoelections.org/eng/

UM Per Stig Møller har Torsdag indtaget pladsen som Formand for FN's Sikkerhedsråd. Man er begyndt en drøftelse af en justering af FN's organisation. Fredag skal man drøfte forholdene i Kosóva (herom i næste nr.). UM Per Stig Møller forklarer at han selv er kommet til stede for at vise at Danmark lægger stor vægt på de emner der skal drøftes; »normalt« er det det pgl. lands FN Ambassadør der indtager Formandspladsen.

Det ventes at SRSG Søren Jessen-Petersen vil udtale sig relativt positivt om den seneste tids udvikling i Kosóva, hvorimod man fra Serbisk side vil være relativt kritiske. Formanden for den Serbiske Koordineringskomité Nebojsa Covic siger:

Covic said that at the upcoming session of the UN Security Council to be held on May 27, he, on behalf of Serbia-Montenegro, will not be able to support the report of UNMIK chief Soren Jessen-Petersen on the implementation of standards in the province. However, he will communicate the full readiness of Belgrade and Serbia-Montenegro to help the Security Council and the international community in their efforts to improve the highly unsatisfactory situation in Kosovo-Metohija.

Serbiske Journalister har protesteret over deres arbejdsforhold. Makfax skrtiver:

The Serbian journalists from the northern part of Kosovo and Metohija sent a letter to the UN Secretary General Kofi Annan, in which they point out the discrimination they are facing while carrying out their job. In their letter to the UN Secretary General, as reported by Beta agency, the Serbian journalists from Kosovo claim that in spite of their countless addresses to the UNMIK's Media Department, their problems linger on. The journalists stated in the letter that they are deprived from the basic human right to work, have no freedom of movement, their personal security is threatened, and that they are unable to go to the scene of the event and to write about the life of Kosovo's Serbs.

Kommentar: Det ser ud til at der er sket visse fremskridt i retning af at opfylde de internationale kriterier ('standarderne'), men det er dog kun godt et år siden at situationen var ude at kontrol; der er ikke mange Kosovo Serbere der har turdet eller kunnet vende tilbage, og samfundsøkonomien er stærkt forvredet. Jo hurtigere der kan ske en »normalisering« efter mange års elendighed, desto bedre.

Mindesmærke for Adem Jashari m.fl. Serbiske »Beta« skriver:

PRISTINA -- Tuesday – The Kosovo government has given 50,000 euros for the building of the Adem Jasari Memorial Complex in Prekaza, where fallen members of the Kosovo Liberation Army will be buried.

Adem Jasari was a commander of the KLA who was killed in conflict with Serb forces in March 1998. The murder of several dozen people, mostly members of the Jasari family, resulted in the revolt of Albanian forces, which has since then cemented Adem Jasari as an Albanian military hero.

The Jasari home has been turned into a museum which contains a monument made of white marble, which is often visited on school field trips.

Many estimate that the entire memorial complex will cost several million euros to build, and the government had earlier announced that it would secure one million euros from the 2005 budget for the complex.

FN's Generalsekretær Kofi Annan har besluttet at indstille til Generalforsamlingen at Antonio Manuel de Oliviera Guterres fra Portugal bliver ny flygtningehøjkommissær. SRSG Søren Jessen-Petersen (tidligere Vicehøjkommissær) blev dermed forbigået. Indtil Februar var den Hollandske Ruud Lubbers Højkommissær, men han blev tvunget væk pga anklager om sexchikane. Jessen-Petersen var en stærk Kandidat og med i opløbet.

Kosovo after Haradinaj. ICG har udsendt rapport om udviklingen i Kosóva. Nedenfor aftrykkes et resumé (hele rapporten kan downloades som PDF fra: http://www.crisisgroup.org/home/getfile.cfm?id=1827&tid=3474&type=pdf&l=1):

EXECUTIVE SUMMARY AND RECOMMENDATIONS

Kosovo Albanian society showed welcome maturity in recent months as it reacted calmly to the indictment for war crimes of Prime Minister Haradinaj and the anniversary of the March 2004 riots. However, Kosovo Albanian politics remain fractious and worse. Mutual distrust between the two leading parties, President Rugova's Democratic League of Kosovo (LDK) and Hashim Thaci's Democratic Party of Kosovo (PDK), is distracting politicians from seeking a consensus position for the approaching negotiations on final status. Recent weeks have seen an escalation in tension between them so bitter that it risks spiralling into killings. It is vital that the international community, as it assesses Kosovo's readiness for final status talks, use the next important months to do a great deal more to help build institutions for genuine self-government. Otherwise, Kosovo is likely to return to instability sooner rather than later and again put at risk all that has been invested i n building a European future for the Western Balkans.

Even though the international community is beginning to move Kosovo toward some form of independence, the escalation of internal political conflict and the April 2005 murder of former Prime Minister Haradinaj's younger brother show that serious risks of instability remain. Kosovo Albanians' present peace with the international community is highly conditional, resting on renewed optimism about imminent movement on final status and upon some progress in consolidation of a sense of ownership of institutions resulting from the more vigorous and effective government that Haradinaj ran before he was forced to step down and answer charges in The Hague. Most areas are calm, but Haradinaj's home municipality of Decan is a tinderbox, full of angry armed groups, and isolated from the rest of Kosovo. The next security watershed will be the Tribunal's decision whether to grant bail so the former prime minister can return home while awaiting trial.

Forced into opposition by the coalition of Rugova's LDK and Haradinaj's Alliance for the Future of Kosovo (AAK), the PDK, the main successor of the Kosovo Liberation Army, may prefer to derail the government rather than act responsibly by helping to forge a joint position on final status. Whether its politicians can cooperate over the next months will have far-reaching consequences for Kosovo's ability to function as a state once the current heavy international presence is converted into a lighter monitoring mission. There is a real prospect of a ruinous factionalism similar to that which has developed in Albania.

Kosovo's rival parties have to work consciously to avoid this scenario or they will bear responsibility for the failure to consolidate statehood. The UN Mission (UNMIK) has a responsibility too -- transfer of power and preparation of Kosovo for final status must go beyond a mere letting go of its six-year holding operation. It must use the period leading up to and including negotiations on final status to take the vigorous action necessary to pave the way for genuine self-government. UNMIK has put aside its inertia but appears to be following more of an escape strategy than a state-building strategy. Much of the work being rushed through at present to get a result in the mid-year standards review is of questionable quality, not likely to stand the test of time. Problems that will come back to haunt Kosovo like toleration of widespread corruption and of powerful, unaccountable partisan political intelligence agencies are being swept under the ca rpet rather than addressed.

RECOMMENDATIONS

Respecting Security:

1. UNMIK should adopt a more credible and open information policy regarding security matters, in particular by moving vigorously to close down the political party intelligence structures about which it has been claiming it has no knowledge.

2. Kosovo's political party leaders should cooperate with police investigations, notably:

(a) President Rugova should respond to police requests to interview him about the 15 March 2005 bomb attack against his motorcade; and

(b) PDK leader Hashim Thaci and General Secretary Jakup Krasniqi should provide evidence and witnesses to substantiate the dossier of accusations against LDK officials they gave to UNMIK.

3. The International Criminal Tribunal for Former Yugoslavia (ICTY) should consider granting pre-trial release of former Prime Minister Ramush Haradinaj as a contribution to Kosovo's security and adopting release conditions that permit him to continue delivering constructive messages, such as that delivered at his brother's funeral, that help maintain social peace.

4. UNMIK, the government and civil society should launch joint initiatives in Dukagjini, and Decan municipality in particular, to draw the disaffected home area of former Prime Minister Haradinaj more fully into the mainstream of debate on Kosovo's final status, stem KLA-FARK feuding and support the rule of law.

Respecting Final Status Preparations:

5. The Contact Group (France, Germany, Italy, Russia, UK, and U.S.) and the UN Security Council should convert their demand for Kosovo's provisional government to begin implementation of decentralisation prior to final status talks into a requirement for the political parties to agree on comprehensive decentralisation proposals as part of the final status negotiations.

6. UNMIK and the major diplomatic liaison offices in Pristina must provide the political will, momentum, and resources for Kosovo Albanians to form and utilise a special commission such as the Political Forum proposed by the Special Representative of the UN Secretary General (SRSG), Jessen-Petersen, to develop detailed positions on final status. That commission:

(a) should be run by an able, non-politically aligned Kosovo technocrat, include representatives of each of the main Kosovo political parties, and develop realistic proposals likely both to command political consensus and stand up in status negotiations; and

(b) have its proposals subject to Kosovo Assembly approval.

Respecting Kosovo's Political System:

7. The PDK must accept that it lost the October 2004 election and its priority is now to win the trust of a greater number of voters by working constructively to develop Kosovo's final status agenda and credible alternative government capacity and policies (rather than soliciting a government role from the international community and smearing LDK ministers).

8. Donors and European Union bodies and member states in particular should extend technical assistance to the main opposition parties to enable them to present an informed challenge and alternative proposals across the entire spectrum of government policy, and offer longer term funding to nurture civic activist groups.

9. UNMIK should correct the wayward course of the Assembly to enable it to become Kosovo's main forum for constructive political debate, including by:

(a) the SRSG using his power to dismiss those who obstruct democratic functioning;

(b) reinforcing the Assembly monitoring run by the Organisation for Security and Cooperation in Europe (OSCE) pillar of UNMIK and institutionalising a direct link for it to the SRSG's Office; and

(c) setting clear new minimum expectations for the regularity of plenary sessions and observance of procedures by the Assembly leadership.

10. UNMIK should institute much more vigorous and pro-active auditing oversight of both central and municipal government.

11. UNMIK should put reform of the closed list election system on the agenda so as to enable establishment for the next general election of a mixed system of party lists and territorial mandates, or of territorial multi-member constituencies.

Pristina/Brussels, 26 May 2005

Besøg i Danmark fra fagbevægelsen i Kosovo. Et par Danske konsulentvirksomheder - Dialogue Development og Copenhagen Development Consulting - arbejder for tiden på et EU-støttet projekt der har til formål at styrke 3-partssamarbejdet. Også 3F (det tidligere SiD) er involveret. Gunnar Olesen, der er én af ankermændene på projektet har udarbejdet flg. oversigt:

16-20 Maj, 2005, var en delegation fra "LO i Kosovo", BSPK, bestående af vicepræsident Ali Dragusha, sekretariatschef Zeqir Skodra og formand for Telekom-forbundet, Alush Sejdei på en studietur omkring trepartssamarbejde på arbejdsmarkedet i Danmark. LO-præsident Bari Shabani besøgte Danmark i april som medlem af en trepartsdelegation, sammen med repræsentanter for arbejdsgivere og regering.

Baggrunden for besøgene er et EU-finansieret projekt: "Styrkelse af civilsamfundet i Kosovo", som udføres af to danske konsulentfirmaer, Dialogue Development og Copenhagen Development Consulting, der samarbejder med 3F om den væsentlige del af projektet, som går ud på at styrke fagbevægelsen og trepartssamarbejde på arbejdsmarkedet. Samarbejdet indebærer, at Mads Lund fra 3F's internationale afdeling deltager i rådgivning og støtte til BSPK i Kosovo, sammen med Kristian Sørensen fra Dialogue Development og Gunnar Olesen fra Copenhagen Development Consulting. Herunder de nævnte besøg, træningsophold for tre BSPK-medarbejdere i Danmark i august-september, hvor de bl.a. skal i praktik i 3F en uge, samt træning for BSPK-tillidsfolk og -ansatte ved den fagbevægelsesskole i Albanien, som 3F med Mads Lund som udsendt har været med til at opbygge. SiD og lokale afdelinger har også tidligere ydet støtte til BSPK.

Fagbevægelsen i Kosovo har befundet sig i en vanskelig situation, siden provinsen - på 11.000 km2 med ca. 2½ millioner indbyggere - efter NATOs krig mod Serbien i 1999 opnåede reel uafhængighed, men under FN-overhøjhed (nu med en dansk "statsminister", Søren Jessen Petersen). Det albanske befolkningsflertal, der før blev undertrykt, har nu magten lokalt og der er kun et serbisk mindretal på 10% tilbage i NATO-bevogtede enklaver. Men der er ikke fundet en varig, international løsning på Kosovos fremtid, formelt er det stadig en del af Serbien.

Samtidig med de politiske problemer er den socialistiske planøkonomi i Jugoslavien, som fagbevægelsen byggede på, brudt sammen og flertallet af statsvirksomheder, såvel som en stor del af den frugtbare jord, ligger brak. Halvdelen af befolkningen er formelt arbejdsløse, selv om en del af dem har "fra hånden og i munden jobs" i den uformelle sektor, understøttelse er symbolsk, og arbejdsformidling findes, men fungerer dårligt. Ved siden af synlig fattigdom, er der penge i lommen hos en del af befolkningen, hvad der især stammer fra tre kilder:

- "International socialhjælp", som dog ikke er meget, hvis man skal leve af det alene.

- Hjemsendte indtægter fra familiemedlemmer, som bor og arbejder i udlandet (f.eks. Danmark), og som ofte tilbringer sommeren i det gamle hjem, hvor de bygger boliger og virksomheder op.

- Indtægter fra international, organiseret kriminel virksomhed, som har slået rod i Ex-Jugoslavien og Albanien.

Ingen af disse indkomstkilder er fagbevægelsesvenlige, og BSPK har ikke fundet løsningen på de svære opgaver, det er at omstrukturere de gamle sektor-fagforbund, hvordan man skal forholde sig til de arbejdsløse, den uformelle sektor og det serbiske mindretal, samt hvordan man undgår at arbejderne bliver snydt under privatiseringen (de er formelt medejere af de gamle offentlige virksomheder).

For tiden overlever BSPK på international støtte, bl.a. igennem det ovennævnte projekt, som støtter oprettelse af en juridisk afdeling og et minoritetsprogram, samt træning og rådgivning til organisatoriske ændringer. Men det er vigtigt for Kosovos fremtid, at fagbevægelsen ikke går i opløsning. Udover de nævnte tiltag kan deltagelsen i et nyt, reelt treparts-samarbejde, som også er en del af projektet, få en reel positiv betydning.

Sikkerhedsforholdene. Væbnet røveri på restaurant ved Prizren. Udbyttet var efter sigende kun 2.000 Euros. Makfax skriver:

Three persons have been injured in late Sunday's armed robbery in a restaurant near Prizren. The local police said six armed perpetrators carried out the robbery with masks on their faces. The broke into the restaurant and had reportedly stolen 2.000 euros from the guests. Eyewitnesses said the assailants had masks on their faces and were dressed in black uniforms. The injured people were rushed to the local hospital. The police and KFOR are searching for six perpetrators, who escaped the site shortly after the shooting.

Ugerapport fra Dansk KFOR. Hærens Operative Kommando skriver (på http://www.hok.dk/):

Offentliggjort: 23-05-2005

Nedbrydning

Uge 20 i Kosovo var en travl uge med nedbrydning af delingslejr, øvelse med Kosovo Police Service, forsvarschefens besøg, men også tid til lidt afslapning og motion for stemmebåndet sidst på ugen.

Af: Logistiksektionen

I forbindelse med den løbende proces, hvor mere og mere ansvar overdrages til bl.a. Kosovo Police Service (KPS), og de faste lejre ændres til en mere mobil og fleksibel opgaveløsning, er det nu blevet muligt at lukke delingslejren ved den serbiske enklave Banja. Dette arbejde begyndte tidligt mandag morgen, hvor stabskompagniet (STKMP) rykkede ud med ca. 30 mand og deres prægtige maskiner.

STKMP havde oprettet en midlertidig teltlejr i området, så der ikke skulle bruges tid på at køre frem og tilbage, men tiden fra solopgang til solnedgang kunne anvendes som effektiv arbejdstid. Arbejdet skred da også hurtigt frem, og onsdag aften var der "kun" tilbage at fjerne de ca. 200 m3 skærver som havde været brugt som underlag.

Tilbage er der en del forhandlinger, hvor logistiksektionen skal opnå enighed med lodsejerne om, hvorvidt marken nu er lige så god som før lejren blev bygget. Vi ønsker jo ikke, at der bliver skabt en dårlig stemning på grund af markskader. På den anden side har det jo været en nødvendig beskyttelse af enklaven, så der skal være rimelighed i de fremsatte erstatningskrav.

Øvelse i Novo Selo med gendarmer og politi

Onsdag formiddag deltog Panserinfanterikompagniet (PNINFKMP) i en øvelse i Novo Selo. Den franske brigade ville afprøve - og vise evner og muligheder for samarbejde mellem KFOR enheder og specialtrænede enheder fra Kosovo Police Service (KPS) i forbindelse med håndtering af civile uroligheder.

PNINFKMP deltog med to delinger og var til lejligheden blevet forstærket med en litauisk deling, en fransk gendarmeri deling og en Regional Operations Support Unit (ROSU) fra KPS. Som markeringsstyrke deltog mere end 100 franske og græske soldater, der agerede demonstranter.

Opgaven for PNINFKMP var at undsætte nogle personer, der var spærret inde i en bygning. Ved anvendelsen af de vidt forskellige enheder og ved enhedernes indbyrdes samarbejde skulle kompagniet trænge frem til bygningen og sikre denne, så de indespærrede kunne komme ud, for til sidst helt at fortrænge demonstranterne fra området.

Som en del af øvelsen skulle der håndteres forskellige hændelser så som demonstranter, der i protest satte sig ned på vejen, helikopterlandsætning af en deling (den litauiske), rydning af forhindringer, gennembrydning af en brændende vejspærring med gendarmernes pansrede køretøjer og en hel masse ophidsede demonstranter, der kastede med flasker og molotovcocktails.

Øvelsen blev overværet af bl.a. chefen for hele KFOR missionen (COMKFOR), samt kadetter fra KPS-politiakademiet i Vushtri. For PNINF’erne var der ikke så meget nyt at lære, da der allerede er etableret et godt samarbejde med ROSU. COMKFOR var glad for at overvære samarbejdet, og politikadetterne fik nogle gode ”billeder på nethinden”, som de forhåbentligt kan bruge i deres videre politiuddannelse.

Politiakademiet blev i øvrigt etableret i 1999 m.h.p. hurtigt at få en troværdig politistyrke på benene. I dag udklækkes 300 nye betjente til KPS hvert halve år, så politistyrken vokser hurtigt. Samarbejdet med KPS, såvel denne dag som ved tidligere lejligheder viser, at der er tale om professionelle og engagerede betjente. Det tegner godt for den fremtidige sikkerhedssituation i Kosovo.

Besøg af forsvarschefen

Onsdag aften ankom forsvarschefen general H. J. Helsø til den danske bataljon. Efter at have fået en kort orientering om den aktuelle situation i området, gav generalen en briefing om det nye forsvarsforlig.

Torsdag blev generalen vist rundt i vores ansvarsområde, hvor der efterfølgende var arrangeret en øvelse som viste, hvor langt vi er nået i samarbejdet med KPS. Dagen sluttede med et møde med den franske brigadechef general Houbron.

Dansk KFOR støtte til pigerne fra Slagelse

Fredag eftermiddag kørte vore busser fra lejren med kurs mod Skopje. Formålet var at støtte håndboldpigerne fra Slagelse i deres finalekamp i Champions League mod Skopje. På dette område havde vi også succes, idet Slagelse jo vandt overbevisende. Det tror vi selv var på grund af vores støtte.

Stabschefen var noget bekymret over vores udflugt hvor ”børnene var væk hjemmefra”, men det hele forløb under 100 % kontrol og der var ikke optræk til nogen form for uro. Dette skal Makedonsk politi have ros for. Men vores soldater var også fortrinlige ambassadører for Danmark.

Efter at havde stået op i 3 ½ time stort set uden at kunne røre sig og i omkring 40 grader, vil alle fremtidige parader være det rene barnemad.

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Offentliggjort: 20-05-2005

Kosovo-CD er ikke dansk

Nogle danske medier har fredag kunnet berette om en norsk video og en dansk CD-ROM, som skulle være stærkt kritisk over for serberne. Norsk forsvar har sat en undersøgelse i gang.

Af: HOK Presse

Fra dansk side kan det på nuværende tidspunkt fastslås, at danske soldater ikke har medvirket til fremstillingen af den nævnte CD-ROM.

Hærens Operative Kommando har fået en kopi af forsiden på kassetten til den omtalte musik CD, og alt tyder på, at der er tale om en lokalt fremstillet CD.

Billedet på forsiden af kassetten viser nogle amerikanske Blackhawk helikoptere, og teksten ”Balkans Now” er en speciel teksttype. Dette motiv anvendes overalt i Kosovo på krus, T-shirt og andre souvenirs, som kan købes både i de forskellige landes militære udsalg, i butikker på gaderne og i private "musik-skure", som er opstillet over alt og specielt uden for de militære lejre.

På forsiden står der også ”The Danish, Kosovo 2002”. Der er tale om en anden tekstype end den øvrige tekst, og den kan eventuelt efterfølgende være blevet tilføjet.

Det er på nuværende tidspunkt opfattelsen, at CD´en er produceret lokalt uden nogen medvirken af danske soldater, og at hentydningen til Danmark og danskerne alene anvendes for at få de danske soldater til at købe produktet.

Hærens Operative Kommando ser med stor alvor på sagen, og hvis der er nogle, der har kendskab til, af hvem og hvor CD'en er fremstillet, så vil enhver henvendelse indgå i den fortsatte undersøgelse.

ØST KOSÓVA / PRESEVO-DALEN / SYD-SERBIEN

For nemheds skyld bruges betegnelsen Øst Kosóva / Presevo-dalen om det omstridte område med byerne: Presheva, Medvegja og Bujanoci (Albansk stavemåde). Ca. 75 % af befolkningen skønnes at være etniske Albanere - måske omkring 70.000. En modstandsgruppe har været i funktion, men synes nu at være »lukket ned«. Gruppen kaldtes i forkortet form UCPMB (som står for noget i retning af: Ushtria Clirimtare e Presheva, Medvegja dhe Bujanoci; på Engelsk: Liberation Army of Presheva, Medvegja and Bujanoci). Gruppen sagde at den intet havde at gøre med Kosova's UCK, og at den var en lokal gruppe.

ALBANIEN

Klik på kortet, hvis du vil have det forstørret / click http://bjoerna.dk/kort/Albanien.gif to enlarge it

Info fra Albaniens Statistik: Befolkningstal: 3,1 Mio (1.1.2004). GDP (Gross Domestic Product): 630 Mia Lek (2002, current prices); GDP-structure: Agriculture: 26 %, Industry 10-11 %, Construction: 7-8 %, Services: 55-56 %. Export: 54 mia lek (2003) [heraf til Danmark: 23 mio lek; størrelsesorden 1,2 mio kr], Import: 226 mia lek (2003) [Heraf fra Danmark: 855 mio lek; størrelsesorden: 45-50 mio kr], Tradedeficit: 171 mia lek (2003). Største import fra Italien (75 mia lek) og Grækenland (45 mia lek), største eksport til Italien (40 mia lek). Unemployment: 14-15 % (2004-III)

Det Engelske Udenrigsministeriums 'Country Advice' til rejsende kan findes på adressen: http://www.fco.gov.uk/servlet/Front?pagename=OpenMarket%2FXcelerate%2FShowPage&c=Page&cid=1007029390590&a=KCountryAdvice&aid=1013618385522. Det Danske UM har pt ingen rejsevejledning, men henviser til det Engelske UM. Den Norske Ambassade kan findes på: http://www.norvegji.org/. Det Amerikanske UM har Juni 2004 offentliggjort en 'Background Note' om Albanien: http://www.state.gov/r/pa/ei/bgn/3235.htm

Mother Teresa: http://bjoerna.dk/albanien/Teresa.htm.

Præsident Moisiu's aktiviteter [Billederne i denne sektion kan som regel forstørres ved at klikke på dem (mens man er på nettet)]:

I sidste nr. fortaltes at Præsident Moisiu havde benyttet lejligheden til et særligt møde med den Finske Præsident. Forklaringen er givetvis bl.a. at Finland snart skal overtage Formandskabet i EU. For nogle dage siden modtog Præsident Moisiu den nye Finske Ambassadør. Præsidentkontoret har udsendt flg.:

President Moisiu received the new Ambassador of Finland, Alpo Matti Ilmari Rusi.

May 24, 2005

The President of the Republic, Alfred Moisiu received the new extraordinary and omnipotent Ambassador of Finland in our country, Alpo Matti Ilmari Rusi who presented his credentials.

President Moisiu asked a for e better level of the bilateral relations and pointed out the reciprocal political will to improve them even further especially in the tourism and economy field.

The Head of the Albanian State also paused on the meeting held in Warsaw with the Finish President, Tarja Halonen during the Summit of the Council of Europe and repeated the official invitation extended to her to visit Albania.

President Moisiu highly praised the contribution of Mr. Marti Ahtisari, former prime minister of Finland at the time of the Kosova war as one of the international mediators to end that conflict.

On his part, the Finish Ambassador stressed that the invitation of the Head of the Albanian State addressed to the Finish homologue is welcomed and that his country appreciates the role of Albania as a stability factor in the region. Mr. Rusi emphasized that Finland will take the Chairmanship of the Presidency in the European Union next year and will support Albania in the integration processes.

Præsident Moisiu har udtalt mindeord om Antony Athanas der siden længe har boet i USA.

May 21, 2005

The President of the Republic has sent a consoling message to the family members of the noted Albanian patriot Antony Athanas.

“I learned with deep sadness about the departing from life of your beloved precious not only to Athanas family but to all the Albanians wherever they live and work, in Albanian soil and abroad.

Your distinguished father left Albania at a very young age and like many other compatriots, who together with their families emigrated to the United States of America. He started to work with strong will and ambition at a very young age and step by step managed to challenge the hardships of life and realize and touch among the very fist ones the miracle of the American dream. Through hard work and efforts, the distinguished Antoni Athanas uplifted not only his name, but he also became the symbol of hardworking Albanians by honoring this way also the name of all the Albanians in the United States and abroad. He was and remains the beloved friend of all.

The last contemporary friend of Noli, Konica and all the other patriots that worked and exhausted their life for the homeland, Antoni Athanas contributed during his entire life in a special way to unite all the Albanians in the United States, followed closely and warmhearted the developments in his beloved birthplace, received with enthusiasm the great democratic transformations, powerfully supported the efforts of NATO and United States of America in the fight in Kosova, having the great fortune, like very few others to stay close to the democracy in Albania and to peace in Kosova.

At these moments of grief, each one of us wherever we are respectfully calls the name of Mr. Athanas, whose commitment, generosity and hospitality became the symbol of the Albanian emigration pride in the United States of America.

Allow me on behalf of the Albanian people, my behalf and my family’s to express the most heartfelt condolences about this great personality of the Albanian nation.” – stated the consoling message of President Moisiu.

PM Fatos Nano's aktiviteter: [Billederne i denne sektion kan som regel forstørres ved at klikke på dem (mens man er på nettet)]

PM Fatos Nano kommer godt omkring i denne tid, dels som PM, dels som Partiformand der søger at skaffe stemmer til endnu en periode med en Socialistisk ledet Regering. Han har på det seneste været i Rrogozhina-området, i Shkodra-området og i Skrapar-området; han har besøgt "Dora D’Istria"-skolen i Tirana og en Veteran-konference.

Den Albanske PMs Informationskontor skriver (pt haves kun Albansk udgave):

Kryeministri Fatos Nano dhe bashkëshortja kanë vizituar sot paradite shkollën 9-vjeçare “Dora D’Istria”, në Tiranë, ku ishin të ftuar në ceremoninë e organizuar me rastin e festës së abetares për nxënësit e klasave të para të kësaj shkolle.

Kryeministri është takuar me nxënës, prindër dhe sfatin pedagogjik të shkollës, të cilët i ka uruar për mbylljen me sukses të kësaj faze të rëndësishme të mësimdhënies për ata që janë ulur për herë të parë në bankat e shkollës.

Pas ceremonisë, z.Nano u ka dhuruar nxënësve të klasave të para librin në gjuhën angleze “I speak english”, që ata të zgjerojnë njohuritë, krahas gjuhës së tyre, edhe në gjuhë të tjera.

Kryeministri Nano, duke iu drejtuar nxënësve dhe mësuesve në këtë festë, u shpreh:

“Të dashur mësues dhe prindër, Të dashur fëmijë,

Më bëtë dhe mua sot që të më kapin emocione të jashtëzakonshme të festës së abetares, ku ashtu si këta fëmijë në kohë tjetër, në kohë më të vështirë nisëm të capitemi dhe ne në rrugët e jetës e të dijes. Ashtu si këta fëmije edhe ne kishim prindër të mirë e mësues shumë të mirë dhe unë ju uroj sinqerisht për këtë mision fisnik që kryeni me kaq dashuri në dobi të një brezi që sigurisht do të kontribuojë edhe më shumë për një Shqipëri europiane.

Të dashur fëmije, mirëserdhët në botën e madhe.

Ju falenderoj sinqertisht për mundësinë që më dhatë të bëhem edhe nje herë fëmijë”.

Parlamentsvalget i 2005 [Præsidenten vælges af Parlamentet for 5 år, næste gang i 2007]:

Valgloven for 2005 kan hentes i pdf-format på: http://www.osce.org/item/14076.html (Engelsk) og http://www.osce.org/item/14076.html?lc=SQ (Albansk).

HTML-udgaver: http://www.osce.org/item/14076.html?html=1 (Engelsk) og http://www.osce.org/item/14076.html?html=1&lc=SQ (Albansk)

OSCE forsøger at animere til at flere Albanske Kvinder gør sig gældende ved det kommende valg:

OSCE TIRANA, 25 May 2005 - The OSCE Presence in Albania will tomorrow host a meeting aimed at encouraging women to take a more active and visible role in public life, including leadership positions, ahead of the 3 July parliamentary elections.

The event, entitled "Mission Possible: Women in Public Life", will focus on the current status of women in public life, policy issues of concern to women during electoral campaigns, and co-operation among female politicians.

Key participants at the one-day event will include high-level female officials, politicians and parliamentary candidates, as well as representatives of NGOs and the diplomatic community.

The meeting falls within the Presence's mandate to promote democracy, human rights and, more specifically, equal opportunities for women and men.

Den Centrale Valgkommission skriver at man har forberedt de lokale Valgkommissioner:

[21.05.2005] The Central Elections Commission has conducted today the training of the members and secretaries of Zone Elections Commissions in all the territory of our country. The first training of ZEC-s membership aimed to cover issues regarding registration of candidates for July 3, 2005 Albanian Assembly Elections. The first training of ZEC-s shall be followed by two other trainings, planned by the CEC, on specific issues regarding special aspects of election administration. The data received by CEC inspectors on site confirm the satisfactory participation of the members of Zone Elections Commissions in training.

IMF tager (ifølge presseforlydender) afstand fra et stort jernbaneprojekt. Projektet er ikke tilstrækkelig begrundet, benefits er ikke tilstrækkelig store ift costs og der vil blive bundet så mange penge at det vil gå ud over andre udviklingsprojekter, mener IMF. Projektet vedrører rekonstrueringen af strækningen Tirana-Durrës der er næsten 40 km og en sidestrækning til lufthavnen i Rinas på 6 km. For at gennemføre projektet skulle der tilføres knap 95 mio $, som ville blive skaffet ved optagelse i den Hollandske ABN Amro Holding NV-bank. Projektet skulle forestås af det Amerikanske General Electric. Det sidste ord er næppe sagt. Den Albanske Regering vil blive stærkt irriteret, men må nødvendigvis stå sig godt med IMF; Amerikanerne vil fmtl også blive irriteret - særlig naturligvis på firmaniveau, men det er muligt at den Amerikanske Administration føler at kritikken også rammer dén. Det sidste ord er næppe sagt.

Italiensk interesse i Albanien. ADN skriver:

TIRANA - Koplik, Malesia e Madhe, northern Albania, has been chosen as the place where an industrial zone would be established from a Group of Young Investors from Bari (Giovani Imprenditori della Provincia di Bari). This Group of investors has compiled a masterplan, expected to be approved by the Albanian government, which was presented on Thursday to the Albanian Minister of Economy, Anastas Angjeli, by the President of the Association of Italian Investors in Albania , Giovanni Degennaro.

Økonomien. Den Albanske Nationalbank har udsendt flg.:

Speech of Governor of the Bank of Albania, Mr. Ardian Fullani, addressed in the Inter Balkan Forum of Banking Associations, at Adriatik Hotel, Durrës, on May 20, 2005

Ladies and Gentlemen,

It is a great pleasure to participate in this prestigious event of the banking system of Balkan region. My pleasure is great due also to another reason, because I had for years and years governed the Association of Albania Bankers and in addition I had given my personal contribution in initiating and organising this meeting in Albania. I would like to thank you again for having accepted today my invitation proposed last year for organising this meeting in Albania. Of course, my delight is great but also my responsibility today to present myself as Governor of the Bank of Albania, therefore please consider me as one of being yours.

In this spirit, I would like sincerely to begin my speech with the wishes: successful and fruitful proceedings of the meeting.

Allow me first to tackle an important issue, which within the context of this meeting, I believe, is of paramount importance. I mean by that the regional co-operation, an initiative that has been completely supported by the European Central Bank. We have already taken the first steps in this regard through establishing bilateral relationships in banking supervision with National Bank of Macedonia, Central Bank of Montenegro and Banking and Payment Authority of Kosovo. Meanwhile, we are in the process of negotiating with National Bank of Bosnia and Herzegovina, National Bank of Serbia, etc. I estimate that regional co-operation is an important forerunner of the integration process of the region with the rest of Europe; therefore I will not stop working to encourage a regional co-operation of high standards among the financial systems of Balkan countries.

I hope that you share the same opinion with me, because only in this way, our region will be more credible and efficient to have its European dream. On the other hand, a developed and financially integrated region will be more attractive for foreign strategic investors, opening up the path toward regional development projects, particularly infrastructure ones where region’s banks might be the financing and co-financing ones.

Further on I would like to give you an overview on some different issues of importance for the future of the Albanian banking system. In diverse meetings organised by the Bank of Albania with the banking community and other actors on relevant opportunities, a range of problems were highlighted and evidenced of which I think there is still room for a joint commitment, of both the Bank of Albania and, of course, the banking system.

In my capacity of Governor of the Bank of Albania I would like to ensure the banking community that the institution I govern is open for an institutionalised co-operation with the banking system by channeling it through the Albanian Association of Banks. We have a great consideration on this Association and we hope that its role will further be enhanced in the future, particularly on the principled topics that will characterize the development of the banking system and that of the financial system in general in the years to come.

Honored bankers,

I hope you share the same opinion with me that we become recently witnesses of a qualitative development of the Albanian banking system. I use the opportunity to express that positive assessments on the banking system have been given also in the report prepared by the World Bank and International Monetary Fund after the completion of their assessment made on the Albanian financial system (FSAP-Financial System Assessment Program). Of course, this is good news.

Conclusions of FSAP, of this important international passport, are an indication of our earliest conclusions that the Albanian financial system is characterized by a supervised and effective banking system and by other segments that are still in the first development stages where regulation and supervision remain a priority. Regardless of what I mentioned above, sincerely feeling myself as a part of the banking system I would envisage that it needs better and faster motivation to reach higher contemporary standards in all the aspects of the banking activity.

The banking system has experienced remarkable developments recently. After the licensing of Popular Bank, with Albanian capital, the number of banks increased from 15 to 16, and a preliminary license is granted to Union Bank (Albanian capital), which is expected to raise the number of banks to 17 over 2005. The system assets have further increased by 14 percent while there was an increase of banking products and an expansion of their network. During this year there will be sold the public shares of both the Italian Albanian Bank and United Bank of Albania, which will lead to an increase of effectiveness and banking competition, paving the way to the processes of selling, merging and acquisitions towards a new consolidation of the banking system.

The lending activity increased by 38 percent where one can distinguish, inter alia, the significant growth of medium-term and long-term loans compared to short-term loans.

The map of coverage of the country with the banking system has further expanded, including new areas ever covered before. At the end of 2004, the total number of branches reached 88, or 11 branches more that the end of the previous year, while the number of agencies recorded for the first time a full three-digit number, 100 and the number of the employed people increased by 26 percent.

The high increase of the number of branches relative to that of agencies shows that banks are not interested only in providing the service of collecting deposits but also in providing other products like crediting to the economy. These developments, besides their positive contribution in enhancing the financial intermediation, speak for a better perception of investing potential from banks in Albania.

An outstanding development is mainly related to the client service, which is accompanied through electronic terminals by the increasing number of electronic cards in circulation. Banks offer already debit and credit cards in co-operation with international companies such as Visa and MasterCard. Six banks provide the ATM service and the number of ATMs reached 108 by the end of February 2005.

The banking system results to have a profit level, which has been increasing to Lek 5.1 billion. Return on equity (ROE) was estimated at 21 percent while credit quality is only 4.2 percent from 4.6 percent in the previous year. In any case, we must say that credits are still new and do not have adequate history to show their performance.

However, problems and challenges, which the system is facing, are still enormous and in this context the role of the association of banks, I think, will be important to overcome them.

CREDIT TO THE ECONOMY AND CREDIT REGISTER

Credit to the economy has recently known a great development. High growth rates impose us to be prudent in the other direction, that is portfolio quality. Enhancing competitiveness and consequently, enhancing the credit level is bringing about a rising trend of weighted risk assets and some banks are already close to the minimum level of 12 percent.

The client’s identification on receiving and using the credit and other obligations he/she has to the banking market is vague, incomplete without giving the opportunity the banking system to have a history on the client’s activity. That’s why I believe that a centralized register, which unlike the previous years became now a necessity, is needed.

I would like to highlight that Bank of Albania has included the project of establishing the credit register in its short-term plans and we are deeply committed to execute it within the next year. I use the opportunity to emphasize that this register will be under the administration of Bank of Albania and the participation of banks member of the system will be compulsory. Only in this way, evasion in the statistical information will be avoided, its integrity will be ensured and at the same time available for each bank member of the system.

On the other hand, we are aware of the fact that issues dealing with credit are more complex. They have to do with many other obstacles that arise from lack of collateral register, inaccuracy of mortgage, lack of knowledge and the non-functioning on a correct basis of the judiciary system and law, particularly with regard to technical problems that relate to the knowledge and execution of collateral.

For this purpose, we shall take the initiative to set up an ongoing communication with the judiciary system, with the intent to organise an open conference in autumn of the current year. The main objective remains enforcing legal initiatives that would bring about the modification of legal and sub-legal basis.

MODIFICATION OF REGULATORY BASIS OF BANK OF ALBANIA

I have stated even previously that Bank of Albania aims at reviewing its regulatory basis with the sole intent to simplify it and to ease its implementation.

For this purpose I have insisted on a continuous basis that the first contacts among mutual technical staffs to raise the banking system concerns on the regulatory framework enforcement should be established.

After several discussions we come to the conclusion that the group of the following regulations should be subject of necessary modifications, and I would ensure you that work at the Bank of Albania has already started for this purpose.

METHODICAL GUIDELINE “ON FOREIGN EXCHANGE RISKS”;

Observations: inclusion in the calculation of the open position of off-balance guarantees which include as unused credit limit, the financing commitments made and received, and registering of collateral estimated in foreign currency and received for guaranteeing the credit (all banks in the matrix). These are commitments that remain in force and for which, according to the current regulatory framework interpreting, the bank is required to create a real position (within the balance).

It is proposed: to reformulate the methodical guideline, excluding the guarantees.

GUIDELINE “ON BANK REGULATORY CAPITAL”;

Observations:To make clearer systemization for the items being deducted from the additional capital, explaining that on which size deductions are to be calculated. To make clearer in the regulation even the inclusion of yearend profit in the regulatory capital only after confirmation from the certified public accountant and by approval from the Audit Committee.

It is proposed: to take into consideration both observations and submit a draft-decision for changing the regulation.

REGULATION “ON CAPITAL ADEQUACY”;

Observations: Classification of countries where reference is made to OECD member countries is a bit confused and another time, a list of 29 members is presented, while collateral in cash is not taken into consideration as a deductive element in the calculation of weighted risk assets. Concept of mortgaged credits that are weighted by 50 percent is very restrained and subject of confusion.

It is proposed: to take into consideration the observations and submit a draft-decision for changing the regulation.

REGULATION “ON MARKET RISK”;

It is proposed: to review it in the framework of new recommendations of Basel II.

Focusing again on the problem of banking supervision I would like to underline that we, Bank of Albania as a supervisory institution, are determined to have at a possible maximum level a simple and easy supervision for being implemented, associated with a significant improvement of the on-site inspection. We shall intend that expectation and prevention power of our supervision gains new dimension. To this end we are in a process of finalising the negotiations with European partner institutions for launching a twinning project for the further consolidation of supervisory capacities of the Bank of Albania.

ANTI CASH CAMPAIGN

Recent developments have impacted cash reduction in the economy. On the other hand, we have carried out an intensive public activity, of clarifying and promoting nature where meetings of another nature were held too, in which we, all of us as a banking system, have been concretely engaged. Allow me to remind you the meetings we have organized with business and utility services business and also that on the primary market of Treasury bills.

Using this opportunity I would like to bring again to your kind attention the problems raised even beforehand. I hope that now, on the eve of finalising the Automated Electronic Clearing House project, each bank separately and the Association itself are seriously thinking to raise the profit level from this facility that Bank of Albania offers in this moment. I would appreciate if from the Association will have some comments or potential reactions on the system preparations and the possible assistance and co-operation of Bank of Albania in this direction.

After the completion of this project, I deem that we must think more seriously about the numerical and qualitative addition of electronic payments. For this purpose I would envisage to start thinking from now about future projects in the payment infrastructure. I personally will insist that even in this direction all of us as a banking system look forward to the European Union directives, in order that each future step is oriented toward the country integration in the European Union.

Few times ago, I have been informed about a new EU initiative, which requires to set up, within a certain period of time, among others a unified payment system within the euro area, including payments with cards. Presently, small and medium businesses in the euro area have not the same payment opportunities as they have in their respective countries on a national scale. Such a case includes credit cards, which cannot be employed equally across the borders. For this purpose I would suggest that respective experts from the Association and Bank of Albania be as soon as possible informed about this project, making the relevant suggestions in this direction. I personally remain consistent in my position that in Albania we have to adopt the most advanced solutions in all the infrastructure projects that we are going to implement. I believe that we do not need to examine old-fashioned models, which, in addition to the initial cost, will continuously require other funds for maintenance and modification.

Besides the developments in the field of payments I would welcome from you a broader commitment even in other directions. I think that the system must further expand its geographical coverage, aiming at including also areas, which, though having at first sight the appearance of being inactive, have large financial potentials in the form of threasurised savings outside the system.

Also, the service level should be further improved. Now the public administration has become a client of the system and I think that there are real opportunities to resolve the utility services payments through the banking system.

Also, I hope that the system will be aggressive and will keep promises to the public to put its windows at the service of selling Treasury bills directly to the interested public. We, as Bank of Albania, have kept our promises and very soon we will introduce as a first step a commission that is presumed to cover the transaction cost while we will accompany this move by the ban of cash flows receipt at the windows of Bank of Albania. We shall request the individuals that their participation in the auctions, through windows of Bank of Albania, will become possible only upon presentation of a banking document, which certifies that the client has deposited a certain amount as a guarantee in one of the banks pertaining to the system.

Another direction on which banks must further focus relates to an aggressivity of broader propaganda and clarification. I think that still the majority of common people show a certain hesitation to refer to banks. I believe that they have a feeling of non-confidence that the bank shall not resolve their problems. Many individuals, though in an absurd way, are still in search of a “friend” to negotiate with the bank.

As mentioned above, I understand that above all the reason behind might be our poor tradition in addition to the high degree of informality and a lot of other objective and subjective reasons. However, I think that the cause might be even the lack of detailed clarifications, and lack of informative publications, and lack of the propaganda in the public environment as well as in media.

I think that in the propaganda spaces in the media more space should be given to the clarifications of special products, while launching of new products should be accompanied by standard advertising campaigns.

Dear participants,

Allow me that before closing my speech to express again my high appreciation on the Albanian Association of Banks, ensuring that Governor of Bank of Albania will always be its decent partner in the long path of institutional co-operation.

I sincerely hope that this meeting of banking associations is an important step towards establishing a fruitful regional co-operation.

I am personally committed, in future contacts with my colleagues of the region’s countries, to dedicate a special room to this co-operation, hoping that I will find on them a well-understanding and full support.

I again wish you successful and fruitful proceedings of this meeting.

Thank you.

Præsident Moisiu har - efter indstilling fra Regeringen - afskediget Ambassadøren i USA, Fatos Tarifa. Tarifa beskyldes for at være involveret i en bestikkelsessag. Pga omtale i magazinet »Klan« fornylig blev Ambassadøren kaldt hjem til konsultationer.

Miljøet: Olielækage: Ca 3 tons olie er løbet ud ved ARMO-depotet i Lac, ikke så langt fra vejen Lac-Mamurras. Myndighederne oplyser at man har situationen under kontrol. Årsagen til lækagen er ikke kendt.

Balkan mediekonference i Tirana. ADN skriver:

A public debate with journalists from Albania and the Balkans as well as Albanian NGOs and think-tanks over the regional cooperation of the Western Balkans, organized by the Delegation of European Commission, was held on Wednesday in the premises of Sheraton Hotel. This press event, opened by the Head of the Delegation of European Commission, Ambassador Lutz Salzmann, aimed to strengthen the information capacity of all parties involved by discussing the objectives, achievements and challenges of regional co-operation in the Western Balkans and the way this issue should be communicated to the Western Balkan publics.

HIV / AIDS. IOM iværksætter 'opmærksomhedskampagne'

The IOM office in Tirana and the Albanian Institute for Public Health have launched a nationwide HIV/AIDS awareness campaign.

The UNAIDS funded campaign, part of Albania's National Strategy against HIV/AIDS aims to enlist the support of popular artists, TV personalities and sports stars to raise awareness among the general public and young migrants who travel regularly between Albania and European countries

The project also aims to train twenty media professionals to ensure they are well equipped to disseminate coherent and factual information on HIV/AIDS.

Several awareness raising events will be organised in the coming weeks with the collaboration of well-known TV personalities for the "Krasta Show", the most popular programme in Albania.

As part of the information campaign, TV spots will be developed and broadcast and a telephone hotline will be set up.

Albania is probably the European country with the highest mobility rate. The temporary nature of jobs in Italy and Greece is of particular concern in the fight against HIV/AIDS as of Albanian migrants frequently return home.

According to UNAIDS, the main determinant of the HIV/AIDS epidemic seems to be unprotected sex. By 2001, 80% of detected HIV cases were reported to be amongst young men residing as temporary workers in Greece and Italy.

For more information please contact: Miriam Neziri IOM Tirana Tel: +355 4 25 78 36 Email: mneziri@iomtirana.org.al

SERBIEN og MONTENEGRO. SERBIEN (alene)

Det Amerikanske UM har Juli 2004 offentliggjort en 'Background Note' om Serbien - Montenegro: http://www.state.gov/r/pa/ei/bgn/5388.htm ... Det Engelske Udenrigsministeriums 'Country Advice' til rejsende kan findes på adressen: http://www.fco.gov.uk/servlet/Front?pagename=OpenMarket%2FXcelerate%2FShowPage&c=Page&cid=1007029390590&a=KCountryAdvice&aid=1013618386622 ... En biografi over tidligere Forbundspræsident Kostunica kan læses på Serbiske Politikere ... Mht ICTYs sag mod tidligere Præsident Milosevic, se (evt.) under ICTY ovenfor.

Præsidentvalg i Serbien. Boris Tadic blev i Juni 2004 valgt som Præsident. Seneste Parlamentsvalg: 031228.

Kosovo / Kosóva: UM i Serbien-Montenegro citerer:

SERBIAN CABINET SUPPORTS INITIATIVE FOR TALKS WITH PRISTINABELGRADE, May 24 (Beta) - On May 24, the Serbian Cabinet passed a resolution supporting Serbian President Boris Tadic's and Serbian Premier Vojislav Kostunica's initiative for holding talks with representatives of Kosovo's provisional administration.

In the resolution, the government welcomed the motion to start talks with Kosovo President Ibrahim Rugova and Premier Bajram Kosumi.

The document also stressed that the talks needed to be held in Kosovo, where the problem existed, saying also that the talks needed to be held without any further preconditions. Serbian President Boris Tadic, Serbia-Montenegro Foreign Minister Vuk Draskovic and Coordinating Center for Kosovo chief Nebojsa Covic attended the meeting.

Den Serbiske Regering skriver:

'Serbia and Montenegro delegation shall try at UN Security Council session to oppose with arguments UNMIK's positive mark about progress made in implementation of democratic standards in Kosovo', Nebojsa Covic, President of Coordination Center for Kosovo and Metohija said yesterday.

'What standards are we talking about if children are going to school accompanied by KFOR soldiers? The only difference between enclaves and concentration camps is that there are no gas chambers in enclaves', Covic said.

According to his words the advantage of SCG delegation in New York will be that it is going to present the real situation in the southern province.

'In June 1999 the number of people expelled from Kosovo was 230,000. During six years the number of the expelled people that returned is 12,500 only. Less than half of them /5,500/ are Serbs. From this 5,500 Serbs only 1,000 of them returned in organization of the international community', Covic claims.

He expressed expectation that UN Secretary General shall after the session appoint his special envoy to Kosovo who shall give an impartial mark about implementation of standards in Kosovo. Covic also expects that Anan appoint another special envoy for the dialog the beginning of which is expected in the autumn.

President of Coordination Center has not excluded possibility that Serbs join Kosovo provisional institutions such as the Government and Parliament. He, however, pointed out the necessity of guarantees that would prevent majorisation.

Serbia top officials yesterday held meeting at Serbia Government dedicated to the situation in Kosovo and Metohija. Details of the meeting were not available until the closure of this issue. The meeting was called for agreement about technical details for Covic's speech before UN Security Council on May 27. UN Secretary General Kofi Annan is also to submit his report over implementation of standards in Kosovo. He said not to be completely satisfied with the progress made.

MONTENEGRO (alene)

Præsidentvalg 030511: Filip Vujanovic blev valgt. Seneste Parlamentsvalg 021020.

MAKEDONIEN

Det Engelske Udenrigsministeriums 'Country Advice' til rejsende kan findes på adressen: http://www.fco.gov.uk/servlet/Front?pagename=OpenMarket%2FXcelerate%2FShowPage&c=Page&cid=1007029390590&a=KCountryAdvice&aid=1013618386163 ... Det Amerikanske UM har Maj 2004 offentliggjort en 'Background Note' om Makedonien: http://www.state.gov/r/pa/ei/bgn/26759.htm

Der er omkring 25 % etniske Albanere i Makedonien. Folketælling afholdtes 021101-021105.

Præsidentvalg i Maj 2004: Branko Crvenkovski - hidtidig PM - blev valgt (efter Boris Trajkovski som omkom ved en flyulykke). Seneste Parlamentsvalg fandt sted 020915. Der kan henvises til flg. OSCE/ODIHR-oversigtsside: http://www.osce.org/odihr/elections/field_activities/skopje2002/.

Folkeafstemningen 041107 om decentralisering (= imødekommelse af Makedonien-Albanske interesser): Folkeafstemningen "faldt". Stemmedeltagelsen var kun omkring 26 %. Hvis afstemningen skulle have kunnet udvirke en ændring af decentraliseringslovgivningen, skulle deltagelsen have været mindst 50%, og desuden skulle der have været flertal mod lovgivningen. Det var ventet at stemmedeltagelsen ville have været noget større, selv om både Regeringspartierne og den Albanske minoritet anbefalede at man blev hjemme. Man kan nu gå videre i overensstemmelse med Ohrid-aftalerne.

GRÆKENLAND

Seneste Parlamentsvalg 040307. Olympiade 13.-29. August (se Græsk side: http://www.athens2004.com/athens2004/ og Dansk side: http://www.dif.dk/index/ol-3/ol-ol2004.htm).

TYRKIET

UMs rejsevejledning: http://www.um.dk/da/menu/Borgerservice/FoerRejsen/Rejsevejledninger/RejsevejledningTyrkiet.htm.

Seneste Parlamentsvalg blev holdt 021103. Det blev i December 2004 aftalt (med EUs Regeringschefer)at der i Oktober 2005 skal indledes forhandlinger om optagelse af Tyrkiet i EU.

LANDE UDEN FOR BALKAN OG ØSTLIGE MIDDELHAV. NATO-LANDE

ITALIEN

Mother Teresa. I anledning af saligkåringen ('beatificeringen') 031019 har Vatikantet etableret en internetside: http://www.vatican.va/news_services/liturgy/saints/ns_lit_doc_20031019_index_madre-teresa_en.html

OECD har analyseret den Italienske økonomi: A modest recovery is under way. Italien er uden sammenligning Albaniens største handelspartner. Nedenfor flg sammendrag:

The following is the Executive Summary of the OECD assessment and recommendations, taken from the Economic Survey of Italy 2005 published 18 May 2005.

A recovery has been under way since early 2004 and proceed at a moderate pace in 2005 and 2006, with domestic demand continuing to rise faster than GDP. Real growth is projected to remain somewhat slower than the EU average. The gap in consumer price inflation is expected to widen again in 2006. The current-account deficit has increased and export market share losses were substantial until recently. Employment growth has been impressive throughout the slowdown, but the growth of productivity, including that of total factor productivity, has been very weak.

The public finances present a mixed picture.

Although declining, the debt level still exceeds 100% of GDP. The primary surplus has fallen significantly, and repeated resort to one-off measures has until now substituted for the implementation of deeper-seated reforms. The exceptional revenue measures have prevented the fiscal deficit from exceeding the 3% limit while limiting the negative impact on the economy. The Italian authorities are committed to pursue the phasing out of one-off measures by 2006. The OECD estimates that further structural measures may be needed to reach budget targets in 2005. Although the overall tax burden is not high, the tax system discourages entry in to the formal labour market: a €6 billion income tax cut is planned for 2005. Devolution is making it more difficult in practice to control public spending. A series of recent pension reforms will contain future spending in that area and encourage workers to remain longer in the labour market. A sustained rise in the primary surplus is required to put public finances on a sound footing.

Product-market competition needs strengthening.

Large parts of the service sector face competitive pressures that are too weak to encourage managerial or technological innovation, or to resist cost increases, which are then passed through to the traded sector. A stronger commitment to regulatory reform and liberalisation in product markets is required and remaining subsidies to industries should be based on social cost and benefit grounds. Once adequate competition is ensured in the electricity sector, and an adequate regulatory structure put in place, full privatisation should not be delayed. Other candidates for regulatory reform and other liberalisation efforts include the transport sector, road freight, professional services and retail trade. The latter often faces opposition from shopkeeper-captured local authorities and monitoring and benchmarking from central authorities would be crucial.

Further corporate governance reforms should not be delayed.

Recent scandals have highlighted particular corporate governance problems and the policy reaction was swift, but incomplete. The ability of minority shareholders to play an appropriate role could be improved. The division of competencies among the supervisory authorities is in need of adjustment. It is regrettable that recent proposals to rectify these issues have not yet been implemented. Bankruptcy proceedings for smaller firms are prolonged and too close to criminal proceedings, potentially productive assets are dissipated, and entrepreneurs discouraged from continuing their activities. Speeding up of reforms in this area also is desirable.

Labour market developments have been positive.

Reforms in the labour market have been far reaching and have delivered higher employment and falling unemployment. Job security for those on temporary contracts is being improved. Job protection for insiders remains high, however, and there are major differences in labour market outcomes between the regions. Large-scale immigration, much of it clandestine in the past, is a recent phenomenon, and immigrants find work in areas where there are chronic labour shortages. Repeated regularisation exercises show that large numbers are willing to work in the formal sector. More could be done to extend legal immigration and aid immigrants to fit into the Italian society and economy.

Italiensk interesse i Albanien. ADN skriver:

TIRANA - Koplik, Malesia e Madhe, northern Albania, has been chosen as the place where an industrial zone would be established from a Group of Young Investors from Bari (Giovani Imprenditori della Provincia di Bari). This Group of investors has compiled a masterplan, expected to be approved by the Albanian government, which was presented on Thursday to the Albanian Minister of Economy, Anastas Angjeli, by the President of the Association of Italian Investors in Albania , Giovanni Degennaro.

USA

Præsident Moisiu har - efter indstilling fra Regeringen - afskediget Ambassadøren i USA, Fatos Tarifa. Tarifa beskyldes for at være involveret i en bestikkelsessag. Pga omtale i magazinet »Klan« fornylig blev Ambassadøren kaldt hjem til konsultationer.

Præsident Moisiu har udtalt mindeord om Antony Athanas der siden længe har boet i USA. Se under: USA.

Kosovo. Det Amerikanske standpunkt. Det Amerikanske UM har udsendt tale af R. Nicholas Burns [jf. tidligere omtale af talen]:

Ten Years After Dayton: Winning the Peace in The Balkans

R. Nicholas Burns, Under Secretary of State for Political Affairs Woodrow Wilson Center Washington, DC May 19, 2005

Introduction Mr. Hamilton, ladies and gentlemen, thank you for inviting me here and giving me the honor to speak with you today at the Wilson Center. All of us in the American Foreign Service, Mr. Hamilton, remember well your many years of service in the House and on the International Relations Committee, particularly during the 1990’s when your support and actions were so crucial and your steady leadership was greatly appreciated. We are pleased that the Wilson Center can now profit from your expertise and experiences with you as its Director and President. I am also pleased to be with you today at the invitation of my friend John Sitilides of the Wilson Center.

President Woodrow Wilson went to war reluctantly in 1917 and only as a last recourse. He is best remembered now as a President determined to defend the principles he believed were essential to a moral world order. Wilson was also a man who had a clear vision of a European future and foresaw a role for a democratic international community to preserve the peace. The war that embroiled the U.S. and the Wilson Administration in Europe began in the Balkans in the wars of 1912 and 1913 and in the shot fired by Gavrilio Princip in Sarajevo on June 28, 1914.

The twentieth century began and ended with conflict in the Balkans. A decade ago, international peacekeepers were held hostage in Bosnia, and the International Community was held hostage by a lack of consensus for action. The Balkans were our top foreign policy priority – just as Iraq and the Global War on Terrorism are today. And for fundamentally similar reasons: to stop catastrophic human rights abuses, to stand against tyranny, and to stand up for the values that make us more secure. Today, the Balkans remain a vital part of that global mission. It is time to solve this missing piece in the President’s vision of a single Europe whole, free, and at peace.

Nearly one hundred years after the First World War and a decade after Srebrenica, the U.S is resolved to move the Balkan region beyond the savage conflicts of the 19th and 20th centuries and to integrate it into the democratic peace established in the rest of Europe after the end of the Cold War – because it is in our national interest to do so. This Center, named in President Wilson’s honor, is perhaps the most fitting place to discuss United States policy in the Balkans and what we and our European partners must now do to help the people of the region find stability, democracy and peace. Ten years after the horrible massacres at Srebrenica, NATO’s battle to stop the Bosnian war and the U.S.-inspired peace at Dayton, 2005 must begin a year of decision on the future of the Balkans.

To be effective today, we need to learn from the tragic events of a decade ago. Ten years ago the Balkans were in flames in a catastrophic conflict. Hundreds of thousands of innocent people were killed and millions more were displaced from their homes. The Balkans also was a gaping diplomatic wound, which, if left untreated, was capable of infecting trans-Atlantic relations, not just between the U.S. and Western Europe, but also with a newly independent Russia, which had just emerged from the disintegrated Soviet Union. It was in the Balkans that the U.S. and its allies - and Russia - reached a consensus for action and put an end to the worst bloodshed Europe had seen since World War II.

It was in the Balkans that we learned anew that for diplomacy to be effective, it must sometimes be backed with the threat and use of force. We learned in the Balkans the danger of delay when crimes against humanity are committed by a wicked tyrant, and it was in the Balkans where the U.S. and NATO intervened to stop the Bosnian war and win the peace in 1995 and then acted again in 1999 to stop Slobodan Milosevic barbarous assault on Kosovo’s Albanian communities.

As State Department Spokesman in 1995, I remember all too vividly the feeling of horror upon receiving the first reports of the massacre at Srebrenica ten years ago in July. I recall the terrible sadness we all felt at learning that our friends Ambassador Bob Frasure, Nelson Drew and Joe Kruzel were later killed in an accident on the Mt. Igman road because the Bosnian Serbs refused to guarantee them safe passage in their mission of peace. I was privileged to be at Dayton when Ambassador Richard Holbrooke achieved a remarkable peace agreement very few thought was possible. As Ambassador to Greece during the Kosovo crisis, working closely with my good friend Ambassador Chris Hill, I saw first hand the suffering of Albanians forced to flee Milosevic’s cruelty. And most recently, as U.S. Ambassador to NATO, I saw how far these countries have come. I’ve met with the region’s leaders who have a genuine desire to move forward beyond the past in a responsible way and into our great trans-Atlantic alliance.

A Year of Decision Ten years after Srebrenica the United States and our partners cannot define averting disaster in the Balkans as success: we must demand solutions to problems, not defer them. The days for diplomatic triage in the Balkans must give way to a final and decisive international effort to help the peoples of the region to put war behind them forever, find peace and find a future home in NATO and the European Union.

President Bush and Secretary of State Condoleezza Rice have been and will continue to be fully supportive of a strong U.S. role in this last campaign to achieve a permanent peace in the Balkans region. Secretary Rice has asked me to travel to Sarajevo, Belgrade and Kosovo in early June to help take the final steps necessary to bring security and peace to the Balkans. The Balkans—so often a source of instability in European history—are now poised to be the last piece in forming, as President Bush describes, "a Europe that is truly whole, free and at peace." That objective is our largest strategic goal in Europe, and one that will be one of the most important accomplishments of the European-American alliance. With the Cold War over, the Berlin Wall and Soviet Union disappeared, most of Central Europe now part of NATO and the European Union, it is only in the Balkans that our work for a final, democratic peace in Europe is incomplete.

And yet the opportunity to move forward is not indefinite. We must act now to address the future status of Kosovo, the region’s last and largest unresolved issue. The status quo is neither stable nor sustainable. On this, all parties agree.

Hope and Challenges in Kosovo 2005 is a year of decision for Kosovo. Six years ago the United States led the NATO Allies in a campaign to end Slobodan Milosevic’s abhorrent abuse in Kosovo and halt his attempts at ethnic cleansing. After an intensive military air campaign, the international community demanded that Serb security and paramilitary forces leave, allowing Kosovar Albanians back to their homes under NATO protection. Belgrade reluctantly complied, but Kosovo was effectively made a ward of the international community—administered by the UN and secured by NATO—with its future status left to later determination. That time is upon us to resolve that issue, and to finally win the peace.

Winning the Peace in Kosovo Together with the United Nations and our European partners, we hope to launch a process this year to determine Kosovo’s future status. Getting there will not be easy. It will require continued U.S. engagement and trans-Atlantic cooperation. It will require Kosovo’s leadership to continue progress on the UN-endorsed standards that are designed to ensure basic values of multi-ethnicity, democracy, and market-orientation while placing Kosovo decisively on the path to integration with Europe. For Kosovo to move forward, the timeline for accountability must accelerate, as responsibility moves over from the UN Mission in Kosovo to the Provisional Institutions of Self Government (PISG). No matter what Kosovo’s final status might be, these values are at the heart of our effort to resolve the major remaining issue in the Balkans.

In 2003, my predecessor Marc Grossman proposed, and the UN Security Council endorsed, a process of regular reviews of progress on the standards, leading to a comprehensive progress review in mid-2005. We hope that review will begin shortly and have strongly endorsed Norway’s able Ambassador to NATO, Kai Eide, to conduct the review. Further implementation of the standards, especially those related to the rights and security of Kosovo’s minority communities, is essential for all the people of Kosovo to live in the kind of society they deserve, and for Kosovo to meet the rigorous criteria for Euro-Atlantic integration. Having put meaning in the UN slogan "standards before status" we are effectively moving to an approach of "standards with status" – recognizing that, only with a resolution of the status question will we bring the kind of stability to Kosovo necessary for the building of the kind of advanced democratic and market-oriented institutions that the standards process has sought to achieve.

We are working actively with our fellow members of the Contact Group -- the EU, France, Germany, Italy, Russia and the United Kingdom – to implement our vision for Kosovo and hope to move forward with the comprehensive review this summer. The review will look not only at the technical fulfillment of the standards, but also at the larger political issues. While the result of the review is not a foregone conclusion, we are hopeful that Kosovo is on course to a positive review. We expect the Contact Group and the UN to meet this fall to consider the results of the comprehensive review and to decide whether to launch a status process. If the result of the review is sufficiently positive, the United States will advocate a swift launch of status talks. We believe a senior European political figure should lead the talks and Secretary Rice has offered to identify a senior American to serve as deputy.

The exact shape of a status process remains undefined, and in order to preserve our role as facilitators of a negotiated solution, the United States and our partners in the Contact Group have not advocated any specific outcome for status talks. However, the Contact Group has already identified three essential elements: status talks will involve dialogue between Belgrade and Pristina; Kosovo’s Serbs and other minority communities will have a role in the process; and all parties are expected to engage constructively and not obstruct the process. The goal will be to agree on Kosovo’s future status in the international community.

Belgrade has set forth a position of "more than autonomy, but less than independence" for Kosovo. Kosovo’s Albanian population insists on immediate and unconditional independence. Finding common ground between these positions will be a major challenge but we believe that with U.S. leadership and trans-Atlantic cooperation, we can a solution that produces long term stability for the Balkans by moving the whole region into the Euro-Atlantic family of nations.

The Contact Group has also identified some basic principles that it believes should guide a settlement of Kosovo’s final status. We ruled out a return to the situation before March 1999 and made clear that Kosovo’s final status must enhance regional stability and contribute to the Euro-Atlantic integration of the Balkans. Accordingly, Kosovo’s final status must:

Be based on multi-ethnicity with full respect for human rights including the right of all refugees and displaced persons to return to their homes in safety;

Offer effective constitutional guarantees to ensure the protection of minorities;

Promote effective mechanisms for fighting organized crime and terrorism; and;

Include specific safeguards for the protection of cultural and religious heritage. Just last week, the U.S. pledged one million dollars to a UNESCO effort to raise funds to protect all of Kosovo’s religious and historical sites, including especially Serb sites, to ensure the preservation of Kosovo’s rich cultural and ethnic heritage.

Additionally, the Contact Group told the parties that we believe that Kosovo’s final status must:

Not be decided by any party unilaterally or result from the use of force;

Not change the boundaries of the current territory of Kosovo, either through partition or through a new union of Kosovo with any country or part of any country after the resolution of Kosovo’s status;

Fully respect the territorial integrity of all other states in the region;

Ensure that Kosovo continues to develop in a sustainable way both politically and economically; and

Ensure that Kosovo does not pose a military or security threat to its neighbors.

We expect that the UN’s international civilian and NATO’s military presence would continue past a status settlement to ensure its full implementation and to monitor the political and security situations for Kosovo’s minorities. We are discussing with our friends in the European Union placing an EU focus on the international efforts following a status settlement. We ask them to think creatively and to act decisively and assure them that the United States will remain an active partner in Kosovo and throughout the region.

That means we will continue to honor our Alliance commitments and to lead efforts to ensure that KFOR is the most capable and effective force it can be.

Serbia and Montenegro In resolving the status of Kosovo, we look to Belgrade to play a role of continued constructive engagement. How the U.S. and our European allies choose to move forward on relations with Serbia and Montenegro will be determined in part by how effectively and democratically that country chooses to address lingering questions regarding the future of the State Union, its full cooperation with the International Criminal Tribunal for the former Yugoslavia (ICTY), and Belgrade’s commitment to cooperate constructively on Kosovo. We are determined to remain engaged with reformers to realize the promise of October 2000, when Milosevic finally had to accept that democracy had come to Serbia and his day was done. We want Serbia to succeed, and will respect any decision regarding the State Union’s future status as long as it is made in accordance with established constitutional and legal principles and reflects the democratic will of its citizens.

We are encouraged by recent statements from Belgrade indicating a willingness to cooperate on Kosovo. Belgrade’s clear determination could be immediately demonstrated by supporting the return of Kosovo Serbs to the Assembly and political life in Kosovo. I look forward to discussing all of these issues with the Serbian leadership in a few weeks’ time.

Hope and Challenges in Bosnia and Herzegovina Ten years after the horror of Srebrenica and the fragile hope of Dayton the future of Bosnia and Herzegovina is also beginning to be written. In December 2004, the NATO-led Stabilization Force, SFOR, officially ended, having completed its historic and enormously successful mission to end the war, enforce a peace and separate two warring armies in the same state. The United States and our European allies should be particularly proud of NATO’s decisive role in keeping the peace for nearly a decade. It was NATO’s finest hour. NATO restored peace to Bosnia and maintained it for nine years with only a few casualties among the tens of thousands of allied soldiers who served there as peacekeepers. To move on to today’s challenges, an EU-led force --Operation Althea -- stands watch in Bosnia, while a NATO headquarters in Sarajevo retains the lead in international efforts on defense reform, counterterrorism, and the ongoing search for the remaining fugitive war crime indictees. Bosnia and Herzegovina is also moving steadily forward with a massive reform effort to rebuild its economy, strengthen state-level institutions and meet the criteria for EU and NATO integration.

High Representative Lord Paddy Ashdown has been an especially important and effective leader in moving Bosnia along the path of reconciliation and integration into the Euro-Atlantic community. But Bosnia and Herzegovina’s future increasingly must be defined by Bosnians themselves. In the months to come, we will need to reexamine the international civilian presence to ensure that it accurately reflects the progress made and where Bosnia and Herzegovina is headed. The key to success in Bosnia has been the international community’s resolve to meet challenges with determination and flexibility without creating a culture of dependency. We would like to see the development of a political climate in Bosnia and Herzegovina where citizens are confident that their vote matters and where campaigns are defined not by narrow ethnic interests and complaints against the international community, but by the ideas and issues that will move Bosnia and Herzegovina forward into the EU and NATO.

ICTY Cooperation The peoples of the region have waited long enough for the justice, security and freedom that other Europeans have enjoyed for generations. The Tito era in Yugoslavia never dealt with the lingering issues of the First and Second World Wars, as Western Europe did so successfully. Instead, Yugoslavia’s slogan of "Brotherhood and Unity" was just that, a slogan. It was no substitute for accountability and justice. The demise of Yugoslavia in 1991 was followed by a decade of chaotic disintegration of state institutions, massive refugee flows, brutal ethnic recriminations, and senseless war. But today, ten years after the Bosnian’s war’s end and six years after NATO’s intervention in Kosovo, the Balkan countries have the opportunity to put that past behind them and to join a unified democratic Europe, where they will be welcomed as partners and future allies.

To secure that future, the people of Bosnia and Herzegovina, Serbia and Montenegro, Croatia, and other countries need to face squarely their past. This requires first and foremost the political will to arrest the remaining fugitives indicted for the most serious war crimes in Europe since the Second World War, in particular Ratko Mladic, Radovan Karadzic and Ante Gotovina. They should all be transferred to The Hague where the War Tribunal’s doors remain open and justice is waiting. We must not forget the horrific murders they stand accused of committing on a massive scale. We owe it to their victims and their families to convince Belgrade, Banja Luka and Zagreb to capture these fugitives and extradite them to The Hague, just as we owe the living the opportunity to return to their homes in safety.

Through international resolve and the efforts of the local Governments, all but a remaining ten indictees have gone to face justice at the Tribunal. Those that remain know that our resolve to hold them accountable has never been greater, nor have the benefits of meeting their international obligations. We have been encouraged by the recent political will and actions demonstrated in the past few months by Serbia and by Bosnia and Herzegovina. We recognize their efforts in bringing more than a dozen indictees to the Tribunal, including ones like former Army Chief of Staff Nebojsa Pavkovic. The U.S. will not support NATO membership for countries that have not fully cooperated with the ICTY and will encourage the EU to apply a similar standard in deciding on its new members. lIn addition, the U.S. will not agree to admit Serbia and Montenegro into NATO’s Partnership for Peace until the major war criminals face their crimes in The Hague, especially Ratko Mladic.

As all parties meet their obligations to cooperate with the Tribunal by ensuring the remaining fugitive indictees are transferred, we look forward to the Tribunal’s successful completion of its mandate. All indictments have now been issued, and we continue to support the Tribunal in its efforts to complete trials by 2008, and appeals by 2010. We also provide considerable assistance to countries region to help build the capacity to credibly and transparently adjudicate war crimes cases domestically, including those transferred by the Tribunal itself.

We are also seeking to build a partnership in the Balkans with nations that are not only independent and free, but capable of working with us in Europe and beyond in our larger ambition to win the war on terrorism. Our friends in the Balkans are showing that they can and want to meet this challenge. Albania and Macedonia have contributed soldiers to Operation Iraqi Freedom, and to NATO’s peacekeeping force in Afghanistan. Bosnia and Herzegovina is about to deploy a military team to Iraq. Croatia is with us in Afghanistan and is also assisting with training Iraqi police forces. Serbia and Montenegro are contributing to the UN peacekeeping mission in the Democratic Republic of the Congo. The Balkan states all seek future membership in NATO and the EU. They must earn that distinction but have begun to walk down the road in partnership with us. We want to see progress on that road become irreversible.

Regional Challenges: Adriatic Charter There is a great deal of progress to recognize, but more work remains. Work that we undertake with our partners, and that they undertake with each other. Two years ago Albania, Croatia, and Macedonia signed the Adriatic Charter with the United States, pledging mutual support as they pursue the political, economic, defense, and social reforms to achieve their eventual NATO membership. The Adriatic Charter has proven to be an especially useful forum for regional security and cooperation, something that did not exist just a few short years ago. Through the Charter the countries have learned to help themselves by helping each other, building on the lessons learned by NATO’s seven newest members. Thus, the Charter countries have also reached out to both Serbia and Montenegro and Bosnia and Herzegovina, including them as observers at recent meetings and promoting greater regional cooperation. Earlier this month in a meeting in Tirana, seven neighboring NATO countries again pledged their support and assistance to see the Adriatic Charter countries ultimately obtain an invitation to NATO. The door to NATO remains open to the Adriatic Charter members. It is not a question of if they will join the Alliance, but rather a question of when they will meet all the requirements of membership. That task is in their hands and we wish them well. They have our full support and encouragement as they continue to invest the effort and the resources necessary to realize their aspirations.

Albania in particular faces an important task in the weeks ahead, with Parliamentary elections set for July 3rd. We and our European partners regard these elections as very important: first because the ability to conduct free and fair elections is an essential indicator of democratic development, critical criteria for integration, and secondly because the government which emerges will need to undertake other reforms that will be needed to bring Albania up to NATO and EU standards.

Although we have seen perhaps the most progress from Croatia in moving toward the Euro-Atlantic community, we ask of Croatia no less than we ask of all nations. As Croatia moves closer to the EU and NATO, it must continue to cooperate constructively, as it agreed to do at Dayton. Most notably, it must undertake all efforts to locate and arrest Ante Gotovina. Until that happens, the United States cannot consider Croatia for NATO membership.

Closing Ten years ago, the crisis in the Balkans was a source of considerable friction in the trans-Atlantic relationship. Today, winning the peace in the Balkans is one of the areas where we cooperate most effectively with our European partners. Working closely with our allies and the people of the region, we will help write the next chapter to a story that began with the breakup of Yugoslavia and a series of tragic wars—wars that ended only after the collective action of the world’s greatest alliance. That alliance - NATO - today remains the bedrock of the trans-Atlantic community and is preparing for the eventual day when the Balkan states will be full members of both NATO and the EU.

Europe has shown the will to take on a greater role in the region, recognizing that the Balkans’ stability is linked to a future within Europe. As Italian Foreign Minister Gianfranco Fini noted, "Forging a common identity and outlook for the Balkans is a responsibility that Europe must accept if it wishes to measure up to its historic mission of offering continuous prospects for peace prosperity and stability to the peoples of the entire continent." So, while much of the Balkans final integration will be a European-led project, the United States will remain centrally involved in the years to come. We have invested too much and have too important a stake in the region’s success—and in our partnership with Europe—to do otherwise. The U.S. has unique credibility in the region as we led the effort to end the two wars of the 1990’s. The U.S. has a unique responsibility and will remain centrally involved. Thus, the reasons for this speech and for my trip to the region.

In his attempt to secure a peace for Europe after World War I, President Wilson defined a lasting peace as "....only a peace the very principle of which is equality and common participation in a common benefit." In this year of decision, we look forward to working with our European allies and those partners in the Balkans committed to democratic ideals to secure for ourselves and for all people of the region this common benefit of a Europe that is truly and forever whole, free, and at peace.

ENGLAND

TYSKLAND

FRANKRIG

DANMARK (NORGE, SVERIGE)

UM Per Stig Møller har Torsdag indtaget pladsen som Formand for FN's Sikkerhedsråd. Man er begyndt en drøftelse af en justering af FN's organisation. Fredag skal man drøfte forholdene i Kosóva (herom i næste nr.). UM Per Stig Møller forklarer at han selv er kommet til stede for at vise at Danmark lægger stor vægt på de emner der skal drøftes; »normalt« er det det pgl. lands FN Ambassadør der indtager Formandspladsen.

FOGH BLÅSTEMPLER KRIG UDEN FN-MANDAT. DR Tekst TV skriver:

Statsministeren blåstempler et forslag fra Venstre, om at danske soldater skal kunne sendes i krig uden et FN-mandat imod "slyngelstater", der fx producerer masseødelæggelsesvåben. - Der kan være særlige situationer, hvor en militær operation kan være berettiget, selv om der ikke er et nyt FN-mandat, siger Anders Fogh Rasmussen. Han mener, at Danmark er nødt til at handle i situationer, hvor nogen blokerer i Sikkerhedsrådet. Fogh henviser til, at det også var holdningen i 1999, da et flertal i Folketinget støttede NATO's indgriben i Kosovo-konflikten uden et FN-mandat.

FN's Generalsekretær Kofi Annan har besluttet at indstille til Generalforsamlingen at Antonio Manuel de Oliviera Guterres fra Portugal bliver ny flygtningehøjkommissær. SRSG Søren Jessen-Petersen (tidligere Vicehøjkommissær) blev dermed forbigået. Indtil Februar var den Hollandske Ruud Lubbers Højkommissær, men han blev tvunget væk pga anklager om sexchikane. Jessen-Petersen var en stærk Kandidat og med i opløbet.

Besøg fra fagbevægelsen i Kosovo. Et par Danske konsulentvirksomheder - Dialogue Development og Copenhagen Development Consulting - arbejder for tiden på et EU-støttet projekt der har til formål at styrke 3-partssamarbejdet. Også 3F (det tidligere SiD) er involveret. Gunnar Olesen, der er én af ankermændene på projektet har udarbejdet flg. oversigt:

16-20 Maj, 2005, var en delegation fra "LO i Kosovo", BSPK, bestående af vicepræsident Ali Dragusha, sekretariatschef Zeqir Skodra og formand for Telekom-forbundet, Alush Sejdei på en studietur omkring trepartssamarbejde på arbejdsmarkedet i Danmark. LO-præsident Bari Shabani besøgte Danmark i april som medlem af en trepartsdelegation, sammen med repræsentanter for arbejdsgivere og regering.

Baggrunden for besøgene er et EU-finansieret projekt: "Styrkelse af civilsamfundet i Kosovo", som udføres af to danske konsulentfirmaer, Dialogue Development og Copenhagen Development Consulting, der samarbejder med 3F om den væsentlige del af projektet, som går ud på at styrke fagbevægelsen og trepartssamarbejde på arbejdsmarkedet. Samarbejdet indebærer, at Mads Lund fra 3F's internationale afdeling deltager i rådgivning og støtte til BSPK i Kosovo, sammen med Kristian Sørensen fra Dialogue Development og Gunnar Olesen fra Copenhagen Development Consulting. Herunder de nævnte besøg, træningsophold for tre BSPK-medarbejdere i Danmark i august-september, hvor de bl.a. skal i praktik i 3F en uge, samt træning for BSPK-tillidsfolk og -ansatte ved den fagbevægelsesskole i Albanien, som 3F med Mads Lund som udsendt har været med til at opbygge. SiD og lokale afdelinger har også tidligere ydet støtte til BSPK.

Fagbevægelsen i Kosovo har befundet sig i en vanskelig situation, siden provinsen - på 11.000 km2 med ca. 2½ millioner indbyggere - efter NATOs krig mod Serbien i 1999 opnåede reel uafhængighed, men under FN-overhøjhed (nu med en dansk "statsminister", Søren Jessen Petersen). Det albanske befolkningsflertal, der før blev undertrykt, har nu magten lokalt og der er kun et serbisk mindretal på 10% tilbage i NATO-bevogtede enklaver. Men der er ikke fundet en varig, international løsning på Kosovos fremtid, formelt er det stadig en del af Serbien.

Samtidig med de politiske problemer er den socialistiske planøkonomi i Jugoslavien, som fagbevægelsen byggede på, brudt sammen og flertallet af statsvirksomheder, såvel som en stor del af den frugtbare jord, ligger brak. Halvdelen af befolkningen er formelt arbejdsløse, selv om en del af dem har "fra hånden og i munden jobs" i den uformelle sektor, understøttelse er symbolsk, og arbejdsformidling findes, men fungerer dårligt. Ved siden af synlig fattigdom, er der penge i lommen hos en del af befolkningen, hvad der især stammer fra tre kilder:

- "International socialhjælp", som dog ikke er meget, hvis man skal leve af det alene.

- Hjemsendte indtægter fra familiemedlemmer, som bor og arbejder i udlandet (f.eks. Danmark), og som ofte tilbringer sommeren i det gamle hjem, hvor de bygger boliger og virksomheder op.

- Indtægter fra international, organiseret kriminel virksomhed, som har slået rod i Ex-Jugoslavien og Albanien.

Ingen af disse indkomstkilder er fagbevægelsesvenlige, og BSPK har ikke fundet løsningen på de svære opgaver, det er at omstrukturere de gamle sektor-fagforbund, hvordan man skal forholde sig til de arbejdsløse, den uformelle sektor og det serbiske mindretal, samt hvordan man undgår at arbejderne bliver snydt under privatiseringen (de er formelt medejere af de gamle offentlige virksomheder).

For tiden overlever BSPK på international støtte, bl.a. igennem det ovennævnte projekt, som støtter oprettelse af en juridisk afdeling og et minoritetsprogram, samt træning og rådgivning til organisatoriske ændringer. Men det er vigtigt for Kosovos fremtid, at fagbevægelsen ikke går i opløsning. Udover de nævnte tiltag kan deltagelsen i et nyt, reelt treparts-samarbejde, som også er en del af projektet, få en reel positiv betydning.

Ugerapport fra Dansk KFOR. Hærens Operative Kommando - se under: Kosova.

LANDE UDEN FOR BALKAN OG ØSTLIGE MIDDELHAV. IKKE NATO-LANDE

RUSLAND

UMs Rejsevejledning: http://www.um.dk/da/menu/Borgerservice/FoerRejsen/Rejsevejledninger/RejsevejledningRusland.htm

KINA

Fodbold: FIFA meddeler med. Maj at Albanien ligger som nr. 93 med 499 points [forrige nr.: 89]. Andre lande: Makedonien nr. 96 [96], Serbien Montenegro nr. 46 [47], Grækenland nr. 12 [12], Italien nr. 10 [10], Tyrkiet nr. 14 [14], USA nr. 10 som Italien [10], Frankrig nr. 4 [4], Spanien nr. 8 [7], Tyskland nr. 19 [20], England nr. 6 [6]. Danmark nr. 19 [18], Norge nr. 36 [36] og Sverige nr. 13 [13]. - Brasilien ligger som nr. 1 [1].

Kvalifikationskampe til VM-slutrunde 2006 i Tyskland. Danmark skal møde Albanien, Georgien, Grækenland, Kasakhstan, Tyrkiet og Ukraine.

Du må citere hvis du angiver hovedsidens adresse: bjoerna.dk ... Siderne om Albanerne: bjoerna.dk/albanerne.htm ... Søgning på internettet: bjoerna.dk/soegning.htm